Work rights after graduation and paths to permanent residency.
| Country | Post-study work | PR path |
|---|---|---|
| UK | Graduate Route: 2 yrs (3 for PhD) | Skilled Worker â ILR after 5 yrs |
| USA | OPT 1 yr (+2 yrs STEM) | H-1B â Green Card |
| Canada | PGWP up to 3 yrs | Express Entry / PNP |
| Australia | Subclass 485: 2â4 yrs | Skilled visas 189/190/491 |
| Germany | 18-month job seeker permit | Settlement after 21â33 months on Blue Card |
| Ireland | Stamp 1G: 1â2 yrs | Critical Skills â Stamp 4 |
| France | APS: 1 yr | Talent Passport â residence |
| Spain | Job search permit 1 yr | Long-term residence after 5 yrs |
| Italy | Up to 12-month permit | EU long-term after 5 yrs |
| Singapore | LTVP 1 yr to find job | Employment Pass â PR |
| UAE | Job-search visa | Golden Visa for top graduates |
| Japan | Designated Activities 1 yr | Highly Skilled â PR |
| New Zealand | Post-study work visa up to 3 yrs | Skilled Migrant Category |
| China | Limited; work permit via employer | Rare |